Assignment as Essay Example for Free

Assignment as Essay As part of the network security team, we will be proving IDI with a network security plan to mitigate the vulnerabilities that have been discovered. A secure site will be set up with network intrusion detection and network protection systems will be available to access via the internal network. Policies will be presented for remote access and the use of VPN. Also contained within this report will be strategies for hardening the network and mitigating risks. An updated network layout with increased network security to meet the current needs will be included. In the interest of business continuity, remote access will be utilized. User wishing access to internal network assets will only be able to access said assets with the use of a company issued laptop. We will make use of MAC address filtering to allow remote users access to the internal network via VPN. Each of the remote access laptops will have been loaded with VPN and have the MAC address added to the list on the MAC address filter. Users will be able to login to the VPN by using their local username and password. By making use of a VPN connection, users should be able to easily access the network assets. VPN connections are protected by SSL encryption which provides communication security over the internet. Each of the remote access laptops will be encrypted with McAfee safeboot encryption and all local data will remain encrypted until a valid login is entered. McAfee safeboot encryption requires additional login information to access the IDI internal network. At the present there is one web server for employees to access both internal and external sites. The network security team will be integrating a web server located within the internal network. This Web server will be accessible only from within IDI’s local area network. We will be using the layered security concept to protect IDI’s internal servers. An (IDS) intrusion detection system will be set up to send out alerts in the event of an intrusion and log all connections. An (IPS) intrusion prevention system will be set up to prevent the detected intrusions and will make use of MAC address filtering to deny or allow connections based off the MAC address or physical address of each machine. MAC address filtering will allow the servers to accept incoming traffic from predetermined hosts. To further secure the local area network, the network security team will be implementing the principle of least privilege in regards to the users. By using the principle of least privilege we will be preventing multiple forms of malicious or accidental risks by only giving the user the permissions and privileges necessary to complete their job. Microsoft’s default security software is commonly used and well known making the vulnerabilities well known, which would make it easier for a hacker to plan out an attack. Third party antivirusmalware and firewall software will be used on all machines. The servers located within the network will make use of a statefull firewall to monitor and filter all traffic on the network by scanning for congruence between data packets. The public facing servers used to connect the internal webserver to the customer website are contained within the demilitarized zone. Due to the demilitarized zones proximity to the wide area network, we will be taking a layered security approach. There will be a statefull firewall located between the router and the demilitarized zone. This firewall will protect the internal network via the LAN-to-WAN connection by performing in-depth packet inspection and closely monitoring the LAN’s inbound and outbound traffic. A stateless physical firewall device will be in place between the internet service provider and the demilitarized zone. This firewall hardware will allow for larger amounts of inbound and outbound traffic. The demilitarized zone will make use of both an IDS and IPS to handle any intrusions within this part of the network. Current IDI Network Weaknesses/vulnerabilities Logisuite 4. 2.2 has been installed 10 years ago, has not been upgraded, however over 350 modifications have been made, and license is expired RouteSim- The destination delivery program is used to simulate routes, costs and profits , it is not integrated into Logisuite or oracle financials to take advantage of the databases for real-time currency valuation and profit loss projections IDI needs to standardize office automation hardware and software currently there are about 600 workstations , 200 HP, 150 Toshibas, 175 IBM, 50 dell, rest are apple PowerBooks without CAD software available Software ranges from various antique word processing packages of which are incompatible for integration with each other, causing transfer of files to become corrupt when opened by incompatible software Polices exist that prohibit the introduction of personal devices, many executives have had administrators install clients on their unsupported non-standard personal laptops, pcs, ws that interface with internet with little or no personal protection WAN was designed by MCI in early 2000’s which has not been upgraded since data rate increases have occurred in Asia and Brazil has been distressed. Between September and March (peak hours) capacity is insufficient, customers are lost due to dropped connections and abandoned shopping baskets, further reducing growth and revenue Telecommunications – limited Mitel SX-2000 private automatic branch exchange (PABX) that only provides voicemail and call forwarding Current IDI Strengths Sao Paulo is presently the strongest link in the chain. Sao Paulo Brazil is a model of standardization; all other sites will be modeled after this site. The Sao Paulo office includes the following setup 30 MS windows for file and print 4 Linux (Unix) servers for major production applications 2 Linux (Unix) servers with the internet zone with juniper high-speed switches and routers A storage area network based on EMC CLARiiON SAP R/3(ECC6-Portal based apps) Up-to-date security policies although in Spanish The telephone system provided by SP Telesis- one of the four competing providers in the metropolitan city The NEC NEAX 2400 Series PABX used for internal and external communications

Essay --

Materials: †¢ Yarn (1.5 feet) †¢ Water †¢ Cup †¢ Tablespoon †¢ Small plate †¢ Granulated white sugar (4 cups and 4 tablespoons) †¢ Wax paper †¢ Screws †¢ Popsicle sticks †¢ Marker †¢ Ruler (cm) †¢ 2 mason jars †¢ Bowl †¢ Stove †¢ Measuring cup †¢ Wooden mixing spoon †¢ Pot holders †¢ Paper towels †¢ Notebook †¢ Pencil †¢ Masking tap Procedure: 1. Gather all materials listed. 2. Cut two strings the same lengths that are about 1 centimeter longer than the jar. 3. Fill a cup with water and place the strings in the cup so they can soak for about 5 minutes. 4. While the strings are soaking spread out 1 tablespoon of sugar out on a piece of wax paper and leave one piece of wax paper with nothing on it. 5. Remove the strings and place one string on the wax paper with sugar and roll the string around until it is completely covered with sugar. 6. Set both strings on the blank wax paper, not touching, and allow them to sit overnight. 7. After the sugarcoated string has soaked for twenty-four hours take a screw and tie it to one end of the string. Do the same with the non-sugar coated string. 8. With the other end of the string tie it to a Popsicle sticks. Indicate by using a marker as to which string has the sugar coating on it. 9. Make sure both stings will be long enough so that they can be placed approximately one centimeter from the bottom of the jar. Then set them to the side. 10. The glass jars will need to be preheated. Place them next to the eye of a hot stove. (That is so the glass jars don’t shatter) 11. Next boil water for both of the jars. Once that has boiled pour the water into the warm jars. 12. Now put a cup of water into a pot and bring that to a boil. Turn the heat back down to low. 13. Put three cups of sugar into the boiling water... ...e and organization to how these molecules are aligned. For this process the jar must be left in an undisturbed setting where there is no sunlight beating on it. It takes approximately a week for the sugar crystals to be able to completely grow. As the water molecules evaporate into the air the dissolved sugar molecules will be left behind. The molecules will cling to any solid around them including the sides of the jar and the nail and string placed in the solution. Through the process of nucleation the crystal will begin to form. In conclusion, the result of the experiment is the savory taste of a rock candy. The sugar molecules that are dissolved in the solution, stick together in a repetitive pattern, forming a crystalline solid. Through the process of nucleation students are able to enjoy the sweet taste of sugar molecules bonded together. Essay -- Materials: †¢ Yarn (1.5 feet) †¢ Water †¢ Cup †¢ Tablespoon †¢ Small plate †¢ Granulated white sugar (4 cups and 4 tablespoons) †¢ Wax paper †¢ Screws †¢ Popsicle sticks †¢ Marker †¢ Ruler (cm) †¢ 2 mason jars †¢ Bowl †¢ Stove †¢ Measuring cup †¢ Wooden mixing spoon †¢ Pot holders †¢ Paper towels †¢ Notebook †¢ Pencil †¢ Masking tap Procedure: 1. Gather all materials listed. 2. Cut two strings the same lengths that are about 1 centimeter longer than the jar. 3. Fill a cup with water and place the strings in the cup so they can soak for about 5 minutes. 4. While the strings are soaking spread out 1 tablespoon of sugar out on a piece of wax paper and leave one piece of wax paper with nothing on it. 5. Remove the strings and place one string on the wax paper with sugar and roll the string around until it is completely covered with sugar. 6. Set both strings on the blank wax paper, not touching, and allow them to sit overnight. 7. After the sugarcoated string has soaked for twenty-four hours take a screw and tie it to one end of the string. Do the same with the non-sugar coated string. 8. With the other end of the string tie it to a Popsicle sticks. Indicate by using a marker as to which string has the sugar coating on it. 9. Make sure both stings will be long enough so that they can be placed approximately one centimeter from the bottom of the jar. Then set them to the side. 10. The glass jars will need to be preheated. Place them next to the eye of a hot stove. (That is so the glass jars don’t shatter) 11. Next boil water for both of the jars. Once that has boiled pour the water into the warm jars. 12. Now put a cup of water into a pot and bring that to a boil. Turn the heat back down to low. 13. Put three cups of sugar into the boiling water... ...e and organization to how these molecules are aligned. For this process the jar must be left in an undisturbed setting where there is no sunlight beating on it. It takes approximately a week for the sugar crystals to be able to completely grow. As the water molecules evaporate into the air the dissolved sugar molecules will be left behind. The molecules will cling to any solid around them including the sides of the jar and the nail and string placed in the solution. Through the process of nucleation the crystal will begin to form. In conclusion, the result of the experiment is the savory taste of a rock candy. The sugar molecules that are dissolved in the solution, stick together in a repetitive pattern, forming a crystalline solid. Through the process of nucleation students are able to enjoy the sweet taste of sugar molecules bonded together.

Concentration of HCL affecting surface area to vol ratio Essay

The research question that this report is going to discuss is â€Å"What is the relationship between concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the rate of diffusion? † My hypothesis for this research question is that change in rate of diffusion will be observed when the agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. To investigate the change in rate of diffusion when different concentrations of HCl are used, I used agar blocks that are stained with universal indicator that would change from green to pink when exposed to HCl. To prepare the agar blocks, I used knife and ruler to acquire 5 agar blocks with equal dimensions of 3. 0cm by 1. 0cm by 0. 5cm. Then I prepared 5 different concentrations of HCl with equal volume of 5cm^3 in test tubes, which were 0. 0M. 0. 2M, 0. 4M, 0. 6M, 0. 8M and finally 1. 0M of HCl. Then, I placed the agar blocks into respective test tubes, measuring the time taken for the agar blocks to turn from green to completely pink. This was repeated 2 more times, having 3 set of readings in total. The results collected showed an increasing trend in the rate of diffusion as the concentration of HCl increased. This clearly supported the hypothesis I derived at. (227 words) ? Content Page Abstract2 Content Page3 Introduction4 Research question:4 Hypothesis:4 Introduction (2)5 Literature Review5 Methodology6 Results8 Results (2)9 Discussion10 Limitations11 Improvements11 Conclusion12 Bibliography13 ? Introduction Research question: How does change in concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) affect the rate of diffusion through the agar blocks which contain starch stained with universal indicator, while keeping surrounding temperature, the surface area to volume ratio of agar blocks used and the volume of solution to which the agar blocks were placed constant? Hypothesis: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created ? Introduction (2) Literature Review Diffusion is known as the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration along the concentration gradient. There are few factors that affect the rate of diffusion, the time taken for both regions to have equal amount of particles. One of them is temperature. It is known that temperature has the greatest effect on diffusion rates and is the easiest of the factors to change. Increasing the temperature increases the diffusion rate by adding energy to each particle. This is because particles with more energy can move to the region of lower concentration with more speed and more easily. Similarly, lowering the temperature will lower the diffusion rate by lowering the energy of each particle. Another important factor that changes the rate of diffusion is the concentration gradient, which we will be exploring in this experiment. The rate of diffusion depends on the difference between concentrations across the region of lower concentration and higher concentration, with steeper concentration differences resulting in higher diffusion rates (Simon 2013). This can be explained by Fick’s Law, which can be summarised by this equation: Rate of diffusion is proportional to(surface area x difference in concentration )/(Length of diffusion path). From the equation derived from Fick’s Law, it is clearly seen that the difference in concentration (concentration gradient) will increase the rate of diffusion (Michael Kent 2000). This theory can be used to explain real life situations, like how human lungs take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide in a split second. It is due to the great difference in concentrations of both gases (very steep concentration gradient) that allows relatively fast rate of diffusion. For instance, when breathing in, the concentration of oxygen in alveoli is very high compared to that in the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli. Thus, rate of diffusion is great, allowing oxygen to diffuse as fast as possible. (BBC 2013) Methodology Table 1.1-Table of variables and how it is controlled VariablesDetails of variablesHow it is controlled Independent VariableConcentration of HClConcentration of HCl is controlled by the amount of distilled water added to HCl. For example, in order to achieve a concentration of 0. 2 moldm^(-3), 1. 0 cm^3 of 1 mol of HCl is added, with 4 cm^3 of distilled water added. Dependent VariableRate of Diffusion The time is taken by a stopwatch until the agar blo ck turns pink in colour completely. Controlled VariableTemperature of the surrounding Surface area to volume ratio of the agar blocks Volume of solution to place the agar blocks into. Temperature is set at an air-conditioned room in a Biology lab The agar blocks are cut into same length, same breadth and same height (3. 0 cm by 1. 0 cm by 0. 5cm), thus having the same volume and surface area. This ensures the ratio is the same. The volume of solutions used is kept the same at 5. 0cm^3. Table 1. 2-Apparatus used in the experiment Apparatus QuantityUncertainty 2% Starch Agar (Universal Indicator stained)– 1. 0 M Hydrochloric Acid (aq)– Deionized Water– Stop Watch2 ±0. 01s This might be due to the inaccurate cutting of the dimension of the agar blocks. It could also be due to our inability to decide whether the agar blocks have turned completely green to pink in colour. Thus, the calculated rate of diffusion could have changed. Limitations Some of the results were not as accurate as it was difficult to see whether the agar blocks have turned entirely pink in colour. Some of the agar blocks still had strips of green in them when we removed it from the solution and cut it. This could have affected the time taken for the agar blocks to turn entirely pink and thus, affecting the rate of diffusion. The temperature of the solutions containing the agar blocks might not be constant throughout the whole experiment. This can be due to holding of test tubes with our hands and also putting it down again several times. The heat from the hand might get transferred and the temperature might be altered. This can affect the time taken for the agar blocks to turn completely pink, as higher temperature induce faster rate of diffusion. Some of the results are not very accurate as the surface area to volume ratio was not constant for all the agar blocks tested. One of the reasons is due to the limited amount of agar blocks that were allocated for each bench. Another reason is that it was difficult to use the knife provided to cut the agar blocks in a straight manner and as accurately. This limitation can affect the time taken for agar blocks to turn pink, followed by the rate of diffusion, as some blocks are bigger while some are smaller than the others. Improvements In order to make sure that the agar blocks have turned entirely pink, use a light and put it in a white background where the colour changed is more visible. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Place the test tubes in a water bath where the temperature can be kept constant at the temperature of tap water. This way, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Lastly, use a stamp with all the desirable dimension of the agar blocks measured. This way, not only is it convenient, it also helps us acquire the accurate dimensions of the agar blocks, having the same surface area to volume ratio for all the agar blocks. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Conclusion In conclusion, the readings and the derived results in the form of tables, and line graph support my hypothesis, which is: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. With the derived conclusion, it shows that in order for rate of diffusion to be greater, higher concentration of the solution must be used, so that the concentration gradient is steeper.

Allowing Plastic Surgery on Teenagers - 561 Words

Should Teenagers be able to get plastic surgery? In this day in age children know more than ever that plastic surgery has become a varied option , so most of them feel like it’s not a big deal to ask their parents, but most of them don’t know the risks and the dangers of plastic surgery.The dangers of plastic surgery are very high, the area that has been worked on could become permanently numb and could possibly ruin a persons life. Infections are also symptoms that could be caused by plastic surgery if it is not performed properly, infections are bad in many different ways because they can lead to death and other serious problems. In the year of of 2007 87,000 teenagers got cosmetic plastic surgery but almost half of the surgeries were to get new noses, which is a very disturbing thing to hear because there are children with more serious reasons to get plastic surgery not being seen about their problem. 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